Biology 10th edition mader chapter outline

Create a free website or blog at WordPress. Mader Charles Darwin: — He attended divinity school at Cambridge and went to biology and geology lectures. Share this: Twitter Facebook. Like this: Like Loading Leave a Reply Cancel reply Enter your comment here Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in:.

Email required Address never made public. Name required. BIO-graphy This blog is inactive. Follow Following. Sign me up. The stomach stores and mixes food with mucus and gastric juices to produce chyme. Pepsin begins protein digestion in the stomach. Bile emulsifies fat and readies it for digestion by an enzyme produced by the pancreas. The pancreas produces enzymes that digest starch and protein. The intestinal enzymes finish the process of chemical digestion. Amino acids and glucose enter the blood vessels of a villus.

Glycerol and fatty acids are joined and packaged as lipoproteins before entering lymphatic vessels called lacteals in a villus. The large intestine does not produce digestive enzymes; it does absorb water, salts, and some vitamins.

Reduced water absorption results in diarrhea. The intake of water and fiber help prevent constipation. THe pancreas produces pancreatic juic, which contains digestive enzymes for carbohydrates, protein, and fat. THe liver receives blood from the small intestine by way of the hepatic portal vein. It has numerous important functions, and any malfunction of the liver is a matter of considerable concern.

Salivary amylase and pancreatic amylase begin the digestion of starch. Pepsin and tryspin digest protein to peptides. Following emulsification by bile, lipase digests fa to glycerol and fatty acids. Intestinal enzymes finish the digestion of starch and protein.

Salivary amylase functions in the mouth; pepsin functions in the stomach; typsin, lipase, and pancreatic amylase occur in the intestine along with the various enzymes that digest disaccharides and peptides. Proteins supply us with essential amino acids, but it is wise to avoid meats that are fatty because fats from animal sources are saturated. While unsaturated fatty acids, particularly the omega-3 fatty acids, are protective against carivascular disease, the saturated fatty acids lead to plaque, which blocks blood vessels.

Obesity is to be avoided particularly because obesity is now known to be associated with the development of type 2 diabetes and cariovascular disease. An abiotic synthesis of small organic molecules such as amino acids and nucleotides occurred, possibly either in the atmosphere or at hydrothermal vents.

These monomers joined together to form polymers either on land warm seaside rocks or clay or at the vents. The first polymers could have been proteins or RNA, or they could have evolved together. The aggregation of polymers inside a plasma membrane produced a protocell having some enzymatic properties such that it could grow. If the protocell developed in the ocean, it was a heterotroph; if it developed at hydrothermal vents, it was a chemoautotroph.

A true cell had evolved once the protocell contained DNA genes. Biological evolution now began. The oldest prokaryotic fossils are cyanobacteria, dated about 3. The eukaryotic cell evolved about 2. The occurrence of external skeletons, which seems to explain the increased number of fossils at this time, may have been due to the presence of plentiful oxygen in the atmosphere, or perhaps it was due to predation.

The fishes were the first vertebrates to diversify and become domniant. Amphibians are descended from lobe-finned fishes. The swamp forests of the Carboniferouis period contained seedless vascular plants, insects, and amphibians. This period is sometimes called the Age of Amphibians. First mammals and then birds evolved from reptillian ancestors. During this era, dinosaurs of enormous size were present. By the end of the Cretaceous period, the dinosaurs were extinct.

The Tertiary is associated with the adaptive radiation of mammals and flowering plants that formed vast tropical forests. The Quaternary is associated with the evolution of primates; first monkeys appeared, then apes, and then humans.

Grasslands were replacing forests, and this put pressure on primates, who were adapted to living in trees.

The result may have been the evolution of humans — primates who left the trees. Plate tectonics is the study of the movement of the plates. It has been suggested that the extinction at the end of the Cretaceois period was caused by the impact of a large meteorite, and evidence indicates that other extinctions have a similar cause as well. It has also been suggested that tectonic, oceanic, and climatic fluctuations, particularly due to continental drift, can bring about mass extinctions.

Source Used: Chapter Charles Darwin: — He attended divinity school at Cambridge and went to biology and geology lectures. Geoglogy and Fossils: — He began to realize that observed massive geological changes were caused by slow, continuous processes. Biogeography: — The study of the geographic distribution of life forms on earth. Practice Quiz 1. Click on the Pop-out button on the upper right corner of the pdf file to have full view or click Here to download.

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