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We provide outstanding products and customer service to financial institutions like yours. I have been introduced to a lot of different teller software. It is a great product. It works well, very user friendly and easy to learn. Actual -vs. The amount of required materials to complete a project is definite and measurable, but the direct labor efficiency swings in direct proportion to the applied management techniques. This system ensures we are delivering the most value to our maintenance clientele.

This entire system is fully integrated with the other proprietary systems. Small Tools System This is an inventory barcoding system designed to help us efficiently keep track of our tool inventories, costs, and transactions from the job sites to the warehouses to central purchasing.

The pen-based and laser scanning barcoding capabilities make this system easy to use. The system is based around a weld log and associated tables that cover welders, weld procedures and pipe specifications. These combine to form a broad source of information on weld status, welder productivity, NDE frequency, etc.

Weld information can be viewed and reported in a number of ways which include queries by project, drawing, line number, specification, area, test system, weld number, and status of completion. Intl Plant Prop. Noviembre Plant Physiology. Sunderland, Ma. Sinauer Associates, Inc. Cabrera V. Abstract A reproducible micropropagation protocol for tamarillo Solanum betaceum via somatic embryogenesis was established in this study.

Three types of explants were assayed: leaves, hypocotyls and zygotic embryos; all of them obtained from in vitro cultured seeds. One-hundred percent of the explants derived from zygotic embryos and hypocotyls developed big whitish calli. The somatic embryos grew rapidly and produced plantlets with normal phenotypes. These results suggest that this technique could be applied for large scale production of Tamarillo and other agronomically important Andean fruit crops.

Somatic embryogenesis, napthaleneacetic acid , somatic embryo. Desde el. Establecimiento de ensayos con hojas: Se usaron 10 medios de cultivo con distintas concentraciones hormonales y de sacarosa Tabla 1 ; de cada medio se prepararon dos cajas Petri y se colocaron 5 explantes por caja. A partir de hojas cortadas en la parte superior, inferior y lateral se obtuvieron explantes de aproximadamente 5 mm2 que fueron colocados con el haz de la hoja hacia arriba en los diferentes medios de cultivo previamente mencionados.

Los explantes fueron incubados en una estufa a 28 o C en oscuridad total. Se prepararon dos cajas de cada uno de los medios de cultivo anteriormente mencionados, y se colocaron 5 explantes por caja.

Se prepararon dos cajas de cada medio Tabla 1. Una vez. Medio de Cultivo Murashige and Skoog medio 1 medio 2 medio 3 medio 4 medio 5 medio 6 medio 7 medio 8 medio 9 medio Figura 1: Porcentaje de explantes que formaron callo a partir de segmentos de hojas.

Referencias [1] Soria, N. Facultad de Ciencias e Tecnologia. Universidade de Coimbra. Cv Andinita. Universidad de Costa Rica. Santa Clara, Cuba. Abstract Amazonian manatees live in black water rivers and lakes in the Amazon basin.

A study of Amazonian manatees in the Cuyabeno Reserve conducted by Timm et al. Here I present results of observations, and interviews, realized 13 years after the first study as complementary observations during a research project on Amazon River dolphins Inia geoffrensis from to We surveyed during more than days covering about 6.

Interviews with tour guides, park rangers and native Indians give a complete sighting list for the presence of manatees and insight into the current situation in the Reserve. The relative abundance of manatees in the Cuyabeno River is 0. Populations in the Lagartococha River seem to be severely reduced. Hunting in both rivers continued despite legal protection with 16 manatees killed from to Overall 40 to 49 animals were seen in the Cuyabeno Reserve from to Even though, predictions that manatees would be extinct by were not fulfilled, they are rare in the Reserve and living in a protected area does not necessarily safeguard this species.

Amazonian manatee, Trichechus inunguis, status, Cuyabeno Reserve, Ecuador. Las poblaciones en el rio Lagartococha parecen severamente reducidas. Introduction Amazonian Manatees Trichechus inunguis , are the only fresh-water Sirenian endemic to the Amazon basin where they were once abundant [2]. The shy, secretive nature of the manatee makes it difficult to observe.

It breat-. According to [4] the total population of manatees in Brasil is unknown. In the Pacaira — Samiria National Reserve in north eastern Peru, [5] state that there are only very few manatees left. As for Brasil and Peru, manatees seem to be very rare in most of their range [6]. In the Cuyabeno Reserve, according to native Indians, manatees used to be abundant in most of the lagoons and black water rivers.

But the first manatee study in Ecuador by [1] during fall in the Cuyabeno Reserve in the Aguarico river system and the Napo river system, showed that manatees were abundant only in the Laguna Lagartococha close to the border with Peru, and apparently extinct in the Zancudococha lagoon.

As one of the largest mammals in the Amazon, manatees are one of the preferred items of prey for native Indians. Documentation of manatee hunting dates back to [7] and has been the main cause of severe population depletion [8] [9]. Manatees are hunted throughout the year [4] but they are more vulnerable during the dry season, when they concentrate in deeper lagoons and canals [10]. Since manatees are protected in most of the countries, as they were included in CITES Appendix I and countries like Peru, Ecuador and Brasil legally protect manatees, but in none of the countries is there any control or enforcement of the laws [4].

Hunting of the Amazonian manatee still continues in Brasil [4], Peru [5], and Ecuador [1]. Therefore in Ecuador, manatees are considered the most endangered mammal species of the country [11] and are listed as critically endangered [11].

Here, we show the current situation of the Amazonian Manatee in the Cuyabeno Reserve based on observatiobns complementary to a 4 year research on Amazon River dolphins Inia geoffrensis.

Methodology Study area The Cuyabeno River is a km black water river with the Lagunas Grandes de Cuyabeno, a system of 16 lagoons in the upper course and several oxbow lakes in its lower course. The Lagunas Grandes are connected by the Cuyabeno Chico, a small river which has its source in the west of the Cuyabeno Reserve and passes oil fields of Petroecuador outside the reserve.

Flooded forests surround the lagoons with Macrolobium dendrifolium as the dominant trees interspersed by floating meadows. The lagoons tend to dry out during the dry seasons from September to November and from December to March. The Lagartococha river in the north of the Cuyabeno Reserve, borders with Peru. The upper parts of the Lagartococha River are situated near the confluence of the Guepi and the Pacuya Grande River from where it flows east into the Aguarico River, approximately km downstream from the source.

On its course, it passes through. Although some of the lagoons may dry completely during the dry season, the Lagartococha River always remains deep enough for river dolphins, manatees and boat traffic.

In the Reserve, there are 5 settlements of 4 different ethnic groups. The Ecuadorian army is based in the Reserve with 4 camps each hosting 10 to 20 soldiers; one camp is situated at the mouth of the Cuyabeno River, one in Zancudo, another camp at the mouth of the Lagartococha and the Aguarico river, with a Peruvian military camp just on the other side of the Aguarico River and upstream of the Lagartococh River Map 1.

Occasional sightings during Amazon river dolphin surveys In the years to aquatic mammal surveys were carried out in the Cuyabeno and the Lagartococha Rivers of the Cuyabeno Reserve [12] Map 1. Two observers continuously watched the river one in front and one behind the canoe during a total of hours.

Dedicated manatee surveys in the Lagunas Grandes de Cuyabeno We paddled a small dugout canoe in the Lagunas Grandes de Cuyabeno and adjacent streams. In May during mid water conditions, we carried out 3 manatee surveys for a total of 9. Each survey lasted for a minimum of 2 hours and a maximum of hours. Canoes were paddled slowly to avoid any disturbance due to noise and stopped for observation periods of 30 minutes to one hour to float nearby areas containing potential food resources e.

Incidental sightings and interviews Tour guides, park rangers and native people living or working in the Cuyabeno Reserve were interviewed about Amazonian manatee presence and hunting trends. All manatees observation from to personal and reported observations , were listed and plotted on a map. Results Relative abundance during river dolphin surveys On all of the river dolphin surveys, only 4 manatees were seen on 3 occasions.

Two of these sightings were. Table 1: Effort on surveys in manatee habitat and relative abundance of manatees in the Cuyabeno and Lagartococha river in the Cuyabeno Reserve. Figure 1: Manatee sightings in the Cuyabeno Reserve. This gives a relative abundance of 0. According to natives, manatees are frequently seen in these lagoons at this time of the year. On none of the eleven surveys were manatees seen. Sighting reports and interviews In the Cuyabeno Reserve 26 reports of incidental sightings with a total of 40 to 49 Manatees have been collected for the years — Most sightings were in the Cuyabeno River and in the Lagunas Grandes de Cuyabeno, only one sighting is from the Lagartococha river.

Most of the manatee sightings were in the Laguna Grande 6 sightings and in the estuary from the Cuyabeno River 5 sightings.

A maximum of 15 and minimum of 11 animals were estimated for these sightings. Most sightings consisted of one or two animals. Table 1, Figure1. Interviews Twenty-one comments about Amazon manatees were collected in the Cuyabeno Reserve. All of the people interviewed know about manatees as opposed to Ashuar Indians in the Pastaza area in the southern Amazon of Ecuador, who had no knowledge of manatees.

In the upper course of the Cuyabeno River, manatees were seen during seasonal changes. Groups travelling upstream have been observed in May in the upper course of the Cuyabeno River.

In the lower course of the Cuyabeno River, Quichuas from Playas de Cuyabeno saw manatees feeding on the vegetation in the confluence of the Balatayacu with the Cuyabeno River and in the Cuyabeno River close to Linococha. Information about hunting is quite varied. The Director of the Cuyabeno Reserve, Luis Borbor, mentioned that manatees were hunted in the Lagartococha area, while Ecuadorian and Peruvian soldiers from camps in the Lagartococha river claim that they have not seen any manatees for 10 years.

But in during our surveys in the Lagartococha River, a manatee cranium was observed at a hunting camp on the Peruvian side close to Imuya.

Luis Borbor also mentioned that there was a self-imposed ban on manatee hunting by the Siona Indians, while Siona Indians claim that they killed at least 5 manatees in Some of the Park rangers know that manatees were hunted in and Another comment by a Siona Indian was that one of them has killed at least two manatees every year until In one manatee was caught and kept in a pool until Ecuadorian biology students released it.

In another manatee was caught by a Siona and kept in a pool as a pet until it died from starvation. The Quichuas from Playas de Cuyabeno hunted one manatee in and one in Another manatee was killed in by soldiers in Linococha in the same area. According to these reports at least 16 manatees have been killed in the Cuyabeno Reserve in the three years from to Table 2.

Estimates provided by ten of the local people interviewed about the population size of Amazonian manatees in the Cuyabeno Reserve were widely disparate. Three of the natives interviewed and the director of the Cuyabeno Reserve suppose that about 50 manatees might live in the Cuyabeno River system. Two of these native Indians are manatee hunters. Overall there is a common sense in most native Indians and Park rangers, that there are fewer manatees than there used to be several years ago. Five statements about the population size were that there are hardly any manatees left.

One tour guide has never seen a single manatee during the 10 years she has worked in the Reserve. Four of the Siona Indians questioned have not seen any manatees during the last 6 years. According to a Quichua from Zancudo, in the Iripari lagoon manatees disappeared in the early 90s Tangoy, pers. Discussion The survey effort of the Cuyabeno and Lagartococha River from to has been very high and the water. Observations on the West Indian Manatee show that manatees become habituated to the sounds and do not avoid areas with heavy boat traffic [13].

However our sightings indicate that manatees still live in the Cuyabeno and Lagartococha Rivers, although there was only one manatee sighted every hours in the Cuyabeno River or 7 manatees every hours of survey in the Lagartococha River.

This indicates that since the surveys conducted by [1] in , when manatees were only abundant in the Lagartocha lagoon, the situation has now completely changed. In our surveys, numbers in the Lagartococha River were considerably lower than in the Cuyabeno river which means that during the last decade the manatee population in the Lagartococha river seems to have severely declined.

Even though most manatees were sighted in the Cuyabeno River system, where there is also most activity of possible observers, no animals were sighted on dedicated surveys in the Lagunas Grandes de Cuyabeno.

Since in this area, most manatees were sighted during the last years, our surveys indicate that even in the Cuyabeno River system populations seem to be at very low levels. But for each year this only counts for 10 to 17 animals seen and only one sighting is from the Lagartococha river system. Even thoug there is far more activity of potential observers in the Cuyabeno river than in the more remote Lagartococha river, this still indicates that manatee numbers in the Lagartocha river seem to be critically low and Manatees are not as abundant as they used to be in the Cuyabeno river and the Lagunas Grandes de Cuyabeno.

Besides, on our surveys in the Lagartococha River we frequently met Peruvian hunters, who travelled all the way upstream the Lagartococha River to hunt black caimans and according to some conversations with them, they occasionally take manatees as well. But they say that they hardly find them any more.

As for observations by [4] in Brasil, in the Cuyabeno Reserve, there is no definite hunting season but manatees are killed whenever possible. According to [14] the Siona Indians practised a self-imposed ban on manatee hunting in because of low manatee populations.

But in four manatees were reportedly killed by the. Siona Indians Sionas pers. Hence, hunting was carried on throughout the years and the hunting ban was never in force. Considering that our hunting reports do not count for all manatees taken from the Cuyabeno reserve and numbers mentioned here are likely underestimates, [11] are probably wrong in assuming that the fact that most manatee habitat is within protected areas, gives some protection to manatees in Ecuador.

If actual trends continue, manatees in the Lagartococha River will soon follow the situation of Zancudococha, where they were extirpated since the early 90s. Timm [14] estimated that if the current level of harvest goes on unabated, Amazonian manatees would be extinct in Ecuador within 10 — 15 years. However, our study carried out 16 years later, shows that few animals remain in the Cuyabeno River, numbers in the Lagartococha river seem to be critically low and manatees have disappeared from the Iripari Lagoon about five years before our survey started.

Conclusions To date, there is no improvement in control and enforcement of the laws in Ecuador, besides other threats such as habitat degradation, oil spills and contamination of rivers in even remote areas like the Cuyabeno and Lagartocha river see [12] are not considered here. And since , no further studies on manatees have been carried out in the Cuyabeno Reserve or any other area of the Ecuadorian Amazon. However, Amazonian manatees have maintained a high genetic variability, which might indicate recovery of the population after severe hunting until 30 to 40 years ago [15].

More research on population size and conservation education programs are urgently needed and in order to avoid extinction of Amazonian Manatees, breeding programmes following the example of the INPA aquatic mammal centre in Manaus, should be implemented in other countries.

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